Rotary machine



M. J. POYET ROTARY MACHINE June 19, 1923.

4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 2, 1921 June 19, 1923. 1,459,637 v M. J.POYET ROTARY MACHINE 4 Sheets-sheet 2 June 19 1923.

' M. J. POYET ROTARY MACHINE Filed Feb. 2, 1 2 'L) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 June19; E923.

M. J. PQYE'T ROTARY MACHINE Filed Feb, 2, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 PatentedJune 19, 1923.

T, STTES ROTARY MACHINE.

Application filed February 2, 1921.

T all whom it may canoe m:

Be it known that I, MAURICE JULES POYET, citizen of the Republic ofFrance, and residing at '-l O Rue des Petits-Champs, Paris, in the saidRepublic, engineer, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inRotary Machines, and I do herei by declare the following to be a full,clear,

and exact description of the invention, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use. the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters orfigures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of thisspecification.

This invention comprises improvements relating to a type of rotarymachines suitable for use as pumps, compressors, or motors, working withany liquid or gaseous fluid, and the improvements have for their objectto improve and direct the flow of the fluid, while at the same timeequilibrating the lateral pressures applied to the movable parts.

The type of machine to which these improvements are applicable is thatcomprising a cylinder in which turns a paddle or vane radially disposedand extending through a longitudinal slot in a ring which is eccentricto this cylinder in such a man ner that a point on the exterior of thering is tangential to the interior of the cylinder and a diametricallyopposite point o its interior circumference is tangential to a 'centralhub or piston body which is concentric with the cylinder. In oneconstruction, two discs turning at the same speed form the end walls ofthe cylinder and one of these carries at its centre the hub or pistonbody in which is mounted the paddle or vane. The other disc carries thesaid ring through which passes the paddle or vane, this ring beingconcentric with its disc so that it does not change its position whenthis disc turns. However, the disc is eccentric in relation to the disccarrying the paddle or vane and the central hub or piston body in such amanner that, as stated above, the ring is interiorly tangential to thecentral hub or piston body and exteriorly tangential to the cylinder.

The two discs are formed with distribution ports or orifices of specialform, those of one disc serving (when the machine is used as a pump) forthe suction and com municating with a circular channel formed Serial No.441,863.

in a cover plate or end of the casing, whilst those of the other disccommunicate with a circular channel similarly formedin an opposite coverplate or end of the casing.

It is clear that if the paddle or vane be turned, this will constantlyproduce a suction behind it and a delivery pressure in front and thatthese actions will occur both interiorly and exteriorly of the ring,seeing thatin these two capacities there is a tangential point forming ajoint. The volume influenced, at any moment, by the'portion of thepaddle or vane on the outside of the ring is a complement of the volumeinfluenced by the portion of the paddle or vane active within the ring,since each of these capacities has the form of a crescent and the twocrescents are, as it were, turned exactly in opposite directions. Theform of the dis tribution orifices is calculated .so that the part oftheir section which is not masked or covered corresponds, either forsuction or delivery, with the capacity of each of the compartments ofthe cylinder.

In the improved construction according to this invention, the machinecomprises two cylinders, instead of a single cylinder, each enclosing apiston-paddle or vane and correlated or conjoined in such a manner (assuming the machine to be used as a pump) that the delivery or thesuction of fluid takes place through a central channel, the inverseaction taking place simultaneously in two lateral channels.

In order to enable the invention to be readily understood, reference ismade to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a diagrammaticview in longitudinal section.

Fig. 2 is a transverse section thereof on line 2-2 Figure 1.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are diagrammatic. views showing the relative positionsof the ports with respect to the piston and ring. showing displacementfrom the position, Fig. 2, of 45, 225 and 27 0 respectively.

Figure 6 is a vertical section-in a plane passing through the axis ofthe shaft of a pump constructed in accordance with these improvements. 7

Figure 7 is a sectional elevation of two paddle-pistons removed from themachine.

Figure 8 is a central vertical section of two slotted rings with twodetachable end discs fixedly connected so as to turn therewith.

Figure 9 is a section similar to Figure 6, but illustrating amodification in which a fixed central bearing is provided.

Figure 10 is a central longitudinal section and Figure 11 is an endelevation of a central bearing for the machine seen in Figure 9 when thelatter is to be used for gaseous fluids, and

Figure 12 is a side elevation and Figure 13 an end elevation of amodified form of central bearing to be used when the machine is dealingwith water or other liquid.

Figure 14 is a section on line A-B, Fig. 6.

In Figures 1 to 5, which exemplify, diagrammatically, a single cylindermachine, a is the vane or piston, and 2) its cylinder in which thepaddle vane or piston a rotates. The piston ais secured in a hub 0 keyedto a shaft 65. The shaft d is concentric to the stationary cylinder 6and has a circular flange 9 provided with a semi-crescent shaped port20. A ring 6 of suitable dimensions is interiorly tangent with thecylindrical hub 0 and exteriorly tangent with the cylinder'b, and at oneend is provided with a circular plate or head it provided with twosubstantially semicrescent shaped ports 30 and 4.0 spaced radially fromone another by substantially the thickness of the ring 6 and in oneposition of the machine, Fig. 2, the port 30 is eXterior of the chamberformed between the ring 6 and cylinder 6 and the port 40 at the sametime registers with the chamber formed between the hub the ring 6, thepiston a and the tangent point between hub 0 and ring 6. The port 20 isalways on one side of the piston a and the other two ports 30 and 40 onthe other side of the piston. The ring 6 has a longitudinal slot 21through which the piston 0. passes as it travels in contact with thecylinder wall. The ring 6 extends from its head it along the hub c tothe flange g on the hub.

The cylinder 5 is provided with ends 91 in which are circular fluidchannels and Z provided with pipe connections at m and a respectively.

It will thus be seen that the head it and ring 6 are excentric to thecylinder Z) and to the hub c and its flange g.

Theoretically, the port 20 in the flange 9* is bounded by circular arcs22 and 23 whose centres lie in the centre line of the piston a both ofwhich arcs have a radius substantially equal to the radius of the ring6. The centre of the are 22 lies below the centre of shaft 03 and thecentre of the are 23 lies above the centre of shaft (Z, Fig. 2, adistance equal to the excentricity of b with respect to 6. These arcsintersect forming two sides of the semi-crescent port 20 whose thirdside is formed by a substantially radial line adjacent the piston a.

The two ports 30 and40 are arranged on the opposite sides of the piston.The one 30 having its arc 31 with its radius substantially equal to theradius of cylinder 6 and its centre above the centre of ring 6 adistance equal to the excentricity. The oth er one, has substantiallythe same radius and its centre below the centre of the ring 0 a distanceequal to the excentricity. These arcs intersect, and the third side ofthe port 30 is a straight radial line parallel to the piston.

The port 40 has its side an arc 41 whose centre is above the centre ofcylinder Z) a distance also equal to the excentricity with a radiusequal to the radius of the ring 6' and an are 42 whose centre is belowthe centre of the ring 6. These arcs are connected by straight lines.

In considering the operations of these diagrams it should be rememberedthat the assemblages a, 0, d g and e f h rotate as units in unison andthat one assemblage is excentric to the other.

along the piston from d position tangentto cylinder 6, Fig. 1, to aposition tangent to the hub c and back again, thus causing the edge ofthe ring 6 to traverse the port 20 and causing the port 30 to traversethe maximum distance between cylinder 5 and ring 6; and the one 20 totraverse the maximum distance between the ring 6 and cylinder 6. IKeeping these facts in mind, the operation will be as follows:

Assume that a reversible machine is to run in the direction of thearrows Figs.

2-5, and that steam is the fluid in question.

The steam will enter at m Fig. 1, into the circular chamber Z0 withwhich the port 20 is ifi' communication throughout its rotation. In theposition Fig. 2 this port admits steam between the hub c and ring 6 tothe right of'piston a the tangent point of hub and ring, closing thechamber. In the position Fig. 3, 45 rotation, the port 20 is also beginning to admit steam between the cylinder 6, ring 0, tangent point ofcylinder and ring to the right hand side of piston a. At the same timeexhaust port 30 has moved from the position Fig. 2, cut off position,into register with the steam chamber between the ring e and cylinder 6and re mains open for nearly a full rotation, and this port does notclose until the piston a is about at the tangent point of ring 6 andcylinder 6. The chamber to the left of piston a between it and tangentpoint of ring 6 and hub c is fully in register with exhaust port 40, Fig2. It continues to close until the tangent point between ring 6 and hub0 is passed, at which time, Fig. l, the inlet port 20 begins to admit.steam to this chamber behind the piston. The ports 30 and A singlerotation in effect moves the ring a discharge into the ring chamber Zwhich exhausts at a.

For reversal it is simply necessary to admit steam at a and exhauststeam at m.

When operating with other fluids, either as a motor or a pump, the portswill be slightly modified according to the fluid handled.

The pump shown in Figs. 6to 8 and la, comprises a combination of twosuch structures as described in the diagrams, in which 0 and 0 are twohub members corresponding to 0 Figs. 1-5. These hub members are rigidlyconnected together in any suitable manner, as by' a threaded connection212. A driving shaft 9 passes through both hubs and is connected to themby keys g, Fig. 7. The two slotted. rings 9 and r with their heads a ands are connected together by a cylinder through which the hub connectionpasses.

The exterior flanges t and t are connected to, the rings 1" and 1" bymortise'joints to facilitate assemblage. The crescent shaped inlet portsare arranged in the flanges t and t but are directed in directionsopposite to those in the heads 8 and s. Fluid is ad mitted to theannular channels 14 and m and passes through the ports 6 and t andexhausts through the exhaust ports 8 and 8 into the central spiralchamber '2). The lateral pressures on the moving parts are thusequalized, and by reason of the excentric bearing of the shaft 9 in thebearing members 51 and 52 the relative radial shifting of the rotormember Fig. 7 and ring member Fig. 8 is effected, due to the excentricmovement.

In the modified construction Figs. 918, the rings 7' and r rotate in atwo-part stationary support, and in the case where the fluid is a gasthis'support is constructed as at w Figs. 10 and 11, having flanges atits ends in which are the ports for the ring, in which case the pressurein the working chamber is equalized by the pressure in the singlechamber If between the flanges.

For water, or other liquids, the stationary support 1 with the casingFigs. 9,12 and 13, forms a central discharge chamber a and lateralchambers a and a separated from the central chamber by inclinedpartition blades between which the liquid is directed in the directionof exit through the central chamber .2 and acts somewhat as a diffuser.

I claim 1. A rotary and reversible machine adapted for use as a pump,compressor or motor, comprising in combination, two cylinders, twocylindrical piston bodies each carrying a. piston-paddle or vane andcentrally arranged in a respective cylinder, two slotted rings arrangedexcentrically in the said cylinders with one point on the exterior ofeach ring tangential to the interior circumference of the respectivecylinder and a diametrically opposite point on the exterior of each ringtangential to the said central piston body, two

discs arranged at the extremities of each of 7 said slotted rings,crescent shaped ports formed in the said discs, the ports in the outerdiscs beingdisposed inversely in relation to the ports in the innerdiscs, a channel between the two cylinders, a circular channel at theexterior face of each of the cylinders and a central shaft upon whichsaid piston bodies are fixedly mounted.

2. A rotary and reversible machine adapted for use as apump, compressoror motor 1 comprising in combination two cylinders,

metrically opposite point on the interior of each ring tangential to thesaid central piston body, two discs arranged at the extremities of each.of the said slotted rings, crescent-shaped ports formed in the saiddiscs, the said ports in the outer discs being disposed inversely inrelation to the ports in the inner discs, a circular channel between thetwo cylinders, a circular chan nel at the exterior face of eachcylinder, a central shaft upon which said piston bodies are fixedlymounted, and a support in which turns a sleeve connecting the twoexcentric ported rings, and two ported discs on said support.

3. A rotary machine adapted for use as a pump, compressor or motor,comprising two cylinders having a flow space between them of onedenomination and flanked on their outer sides by flow spaces of anopposite denomination, piston bodies concentrically revoluble in saidcylinders, slotted rings excentrically encircling said pistons arrangedto interiorly contact at a point on the exterior of said bodies andexternally contact at a diametrically opposite point with the interiorsof said cylinders, vanes fixedly mounted in respective )iston bodies andextending through the sots in said denomination and flanked on theirouter sides by flow spaces of an opposite denomination, a shaft, pistonbodies therein concentrically revoluble in said cylinders, slotted ringsexcentrically encircling said pistons and arranged at any instant tomake contact at one point with their interims-against the exteriors ofthe respective piston bodies and at a diametrically opposite point withtheir exteriors against the interiors of respective cylinders, vanesfixedly mounted in respective piston bodles and extending through theslots in said 5. A rotary machine comprising two alined stationarycylinders, rigidly connected rotors therein, a iston vane on each rotor,two slotted, rigi 1y connected rings mounted interior-1y tangent to therotor and 'eXteriorly tangent to said cylinder said vanes passingthrough the slots in said rings, heads for said rings havingdistributing ports therein, a fluid chamber between the adjacent headsof the cylinders communicating through the ports in the adja cent headswith the cylinders, and separate fluid chambersat each of the outerheads communicating with the cylinder.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have si ed myname.

MAURICE J ULES PO'YET.

